A Nordic island country located between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, at the rare protrusion of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge above water, the junction of the diverging North American and Eurasian tectonic plates, a volcanic "hot spot", where its oldest rocks exposed at the surface are around 15 million years old, however Iceland is one of the youngest landmasses on Earth, thus home to some of our planet's most active volcanoes, some which are capped with glacial ice, of which there are 13 main glaciers (icecaps) scattered around the Europe's 2nd largest island - comprised of craggy glacial sculpted mountains with volcanic rock scree slopes, spouting geysers, waterfalls galore, steaming geothermal springs, glacial rivers, black sand beaches, lava fields (some moss cloaked), glacial lakes 100s of feet deep, alluvium valleys, and deep glacial carved fjords.

These images comprise all 8 regions of Iceland, from the Southern region, circling counter-clockwise around the mainly basaltic igneous rock island, to the Southern Peninsula region, then up among the F-roads into the Highlands areas - an education excursion totaling 3,250 mi. (5,230 km) of driving, and around 200 mi. (320 km) of hiking upon this island of "Ice and Fire" which measures about 300 mi. (480 km) E-W and 200 mi. (320 km) N-S. Through the two ecoregions of Iceland, the Boreal Birch Forests and Alpine Tundra (Taiga), during the summer season.