These images entail 18 ruins sites (excluding Machu Picchu and Wayna Picchu, see UNESCO sites) throughout 5 departments (Cusco, Puno, Ica, La Libertad, and Lambayeque) of Peru. Ruins from the Inca Empire - whose political state/territory was known as Tahuantinsuyu (The Four Provinces), which was centered in Cusco, and connected by a network of footpaths extended from nowdays the Columbia-Ecuador border, southward toTalca (at the Rio Maule) in central Chile. This Inca civilization existed from the 12th century, till the Spanish Conquest (1532-1572). Also included are images of pre-Inca ruins from the Lupaca, Wari, Kolla, Tiwanaku, Nazca, Moche and Chimu cultures.